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Effectiveness of a marine managed area (MMA) depends on sufficient compliance and enforcement. If a MMA is only a "paper park," where the rules exist on paper but not in practice, little or no progress may occur toward management objectives. However, enforcement of MMAs, especially in large or remote areas, can be expensive and logistically challenging. It is essential to identify the shortcomings and strengths of existing MMA enforcement strategies and to provide information about successful practices.
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